{"id":6548,"date":"2022-04-20T18:07:36","date_gmt":"2022-04-20T15:07:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/?post_type=event_listing&#038;p=6548"},"modified":"2022-08-04T15:28:47","modified_gmt":"2022-08-04T12:28:47","slug":"kanti-elestirel-okumak","status":"publish","type":"event_listing","link":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/?event_listing=kanti-elestirel-okumak","title":{"rendered":"Kant&#8217;\u0131 Ele\u015ftirel Okumak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye Kant Toplulu\u011fu, Goethe Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Ankara i\u015f birli\u011fi ile 15 May\u0131s 2022 Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 14.00\u2019te Kant&#8217;\u0131 Ele\u015ftirel Okumak ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir panel d\u00fczenleyecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moderat\u00f6r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Seniye Tilev<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Konu\u015fmac\u0131lar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Elif \u00c7\u0131rakman &#8211; &#8220;Kant\u2019\u0131n Ele\u015ftiri Fikri ve Y\u00f6ntem Meselesi&#8221;<br><strong>\u00d6zet: <\/strong><em>Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi\u2019<\/em>nin \u201c\u00d6ns\u00f6z\u201d\u00fcnde Kant, <em>Kriti\u011fi<\/em> y\u00f6ntem \u00fczerine bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olarak sunar. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan <em>Kritik<\/em>, akl\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r, yasa ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tayin edildi\u011fi metafizi\u011fe giri\u015f yoludur. Kant\u2019\u0131n ele\u015ftiri fikri, saf akl\u0131n etkinli\u011finin me\u015frulu\u011funu mesele edinmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan felsefi bilgi i\u00e7in \u00f6n haz\u0131rl\u0131k niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan bir y\u00f6ntem meselesidir. <em>Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi\u2019<\/em>nin sonunda yer alan \u201cTransandantal Y\u00f6ntem \u00d6\u011fretisi\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise bilgiyi kuran ko\u015ful ve ilkelerin incelenmesinden ziyade saf akl\u0131n mimar\u0131 oldu\u011fu kendi mimarisinin, yani sistematik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bi\u00e7imsel ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesini hedefler. Buradaki metodolojik mesele saf akl\u0131n yasama g\u00fcc\u00fc temelinde kendine koydu\u011fu ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bir plan ve sistem dahilinde belirlenmesidir. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u201cTransandantal Y\u00f6ntem \u00d6\u011fretisi\u201d saf akl\u0131n kendi sistematik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti\u011fi; ele\u015ftirel sorgusunun olumsuz ve olumlu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ili\u015fkilendirdi\u011fi ve sistemli bir \u015feklide d\u00fczenledi\u011fi metodolojik hamleler i\u00e7erir. Bu hamlelerden ilki saf akl\u0131n disiplinidir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Kant\u2019\u0131n ele\u015ftiri fikrini saf akl\u0131n \u00f6z-disiplini meselesi olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeyi hedefliyorum. Zira Kant bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ele\u015ftirinin \u00f6ncelikle bir \u00f6z-disiplin meselesi oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir. Saf akl\u0131n disiplini, akl\u0131n spek\u00fclatif kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle disiplin, saf akl\u0131n ilkeleri dahilinde neyi asla ba\u015faramayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesinin yoludur. Daha \u00f6zelde ise disiplin, saf akl\u0131n teorik bilgi hususunda s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fhisini de\u011fil, bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ihlal etme e\u011filiminin, yani yanl\u0131\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fme ihtimalinin \u00f6nlenmesidir. \u00d6zetle saf akl\u0131n disiplini akl\u0131n kendi hamlelerini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n; yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini \u00f6nlemesinin y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu bak\u0131mdan disiplin saf akl\u0131n kendi do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan e\u011filimin \u2013 diyalektik yan\u0131lsaman\u0131n \u2013 \u00fcstesinden gelmesinin yol ve yordam\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak disiplin fikri ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu olumsuz sonu\u00e7, yani ger\u00e7e\u011fin saptanmas\u0131 yerine yan\u0131lg\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi, ayn\u0131 zamanda saf akl\u0131n kendi ile \u00e7eli\u015fmesini \u00f6nleyici tek yol olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olumlu bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131r. Zira ak\u0131l spek\u00fclatif etkinli\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rarak ortaya koydu\u011fu disiplin ile kendini dogmatizm ve ku\u015fkuculuk k\u0131skac\u0131ndan kurtarmakta, pratik anlamda otoritesi ve otonomisini kazanabilece\u011fi \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr\u201d alana yer a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Kant\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu metodolojik hamle \u2013 disiplin \u2013 ile saf akl\u0131n teorik ve pratik etkinli\u011finin me\u015fru alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n; \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ile zorunluluk fikirlerinin ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilmesinin, nihayetinde de saf akl\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k i\u00e7ine girmeyen farkl\u0131 d\u00fczen ve d\u00fczenlemelerinin sistematik birli\u011finin tesis edilebilmesinin yolunu a\u00e7abilecek bi\u00e7imsel ko\u015fulu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir.\u00a0<br><\/li><li>Toros G\u00fcne\u015f Esg\u00fcn &#8211; &#8220;Kant&#8217;\u0131n Politik Antinomileri: M\u00fclkiyet, Hukuk, Demokrasi&#8221;<br><strong>\u00d6zet:<\/strong> Bu konu\u015fma, Kant\u2019\u0131n <em>Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi<\/em>\u2019nde bahsetti\u011fi antinomilerden \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck antinomisinin Kant\u2019\u0131n politik eserlerinde nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek yeni antinomiler yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u201cm\u00fclkiyet\u201d, \u201chukuk\u201d ve \u201cdemokrasi\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n Kant\u2019ta tez ve antitez olarak hangi yarg\u0131larla ili\u015fkilendirilebilece\u011fi \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d ve \u201ccumhuriyet\u201d idelerinden hareketle yorumlanarak, Kant\u2019\u0131n siyaset felsefesinin otoriter boyutlar\u0131 ile \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc boyutlar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rt edilecek ve bu ayr\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn politik problemlerine y\u00f6nelik sunaca\u011f\u0131 imkanlar tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bildiri, Adorno\u2019nun deyi\u015fiyle Kant\u2019\u0131 \u201cmikrolojik okuma\u201dya tabii tutmay\u0131 ve onun politika felsefesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclerek ebedi bar\u0131\u015f idealine do\u011fru ilerleyen politik antinomilerinin, a\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen kar\u015f\u0131 savlar\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle Kant\u2019\u0131n ele\u015ftirel felsefesini ele\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir yol izleyece\u011fimizi k\u0131saca anlatt\u0131ktan sonra, Kant\u2019\u0131n \u201cSaf Akl\u0131n Antitheti\u011fi\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki 4 antinomisinden 3. antinomi olan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck antinomisinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn etik, politika ve hukuk gibi alanlardaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde nas\u0131l yeni antionomiler yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu antinomilerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnseler de antitezlerin orada olmaya devam ettiklerini g\u00f6sterece\u011fiz. M\u00fclkiyet antinomisinin hukuk ile, hukuk antinomisinin cumhuriyet ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan demokrasi antinomisinin Ebedi Bar\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n Kant\u2019\u0131n kuram\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnen antinomilere do\u011fru yeniden sorgulamam\u0131z\u0131 gerektirece\u011fini ve bu sorgulama sonucunda m\u00fclkiyetin haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, devletin hukukla ba\u011flanma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n olanaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve son olarak sadece g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanan fakat halk\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015flayan bir cumhuriyetin demokrasi antinomisini \u00e7\u00f6zemeyece\u011fini iddia ederek, \u201cEbedi Bar\u0131\u015f\u201dtaki kozmopolit bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 geriye do\u011fru i\u015fletecek, b\u00f6ylelikle Kant\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz sorunlar\u0131ndan yoksulluk, hukukun krizi ve demokrasinin krizi problemlerine sunabilece\u011fi yan\u0131tlar\u0131 vurgulayaca\u011f\u0131z.\u00a0 Kant\u2019\u0131n politik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerindeki hareket \u201csentetik a priori\u201d yarg\u0131lar\u0131 sonucuna g\u00f6re geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck olarak kurmak ve yasala\u015ft\u0131rmak y\u00f6n\u00fcnde oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, biz de bu hareketi tersine \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in, sonu\u00e7tan ba\u015flang\u0131ca, ebedi bar\u0131\u015ftan geriye do\u011fru yol a\u00e7may\u0131 deneyece\u011fiz.<br><\/li><li>Saniye Vatansever &#8211; &#8220;Kant&#8217;\u0131n E\u011fitim\u00a0Felsefesi&#8221;<br><strong>\u00d6zet: <\/strong>Kant bireyin ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 insan\u0131n kendi su\u00e7u<strong> <\/strong>[<em>selbstverschuldeten<\/em>]<strong> <\/strong>ile d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu bir ergin olmama\u00a0 [<em>Unm\u00fcndigkeit<\/em>] durumundan kurtulmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlar. Bu tan\u0131mda ayd\u0131n olamayan bireyler, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kendileri sorumlu tutulur. Nitekim bu metinde Kant, ayd\u0131n bireyler olabilmemiz i\u00e7in gereken tek \u015feyin -sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 her bireyde var olan- d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme kapasitesini kullanabilmek oldu\u011funu ima eder. Bu e\u015fitlik\u00e7i ayd\u0131nlanma anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re, sadece belli imtiyazlara sahip bir z\u00fcmre de\u011fil de, akl\u0131n\u0131 kullanma cesareti ve azmi g\u00f6steren herkes ayd\u0131n olabilir. Her ne kadar Kant ayd\u0131nlanma tan\u0131m\u0131 yaparken akl\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilme cesareti ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan herkesin ayd\u0131n olabilece\u011fini ima edip, ayd\u0131n olamama durumunun ki\u015finin kendi su\u00e7u oldu\u011funu iddia etse de, bu metne daha yak\u0131ndan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ve Kant\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer metinlerine dan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ayd\u0131n olamama durumunda bireyin kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan ba\u015fka bir fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn daha oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Zira 1803\u2019te yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ve Kant\u2019\u0131n kendi ders notlar\u0131na dayanarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olan <em>E\u011fitim \u00dczerine Notlar<\/em> [<em>\u00fcber P\u00e4dagogik<\/em>] eserinde de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, yeti\u015ftirilme ve e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecinin bireyin ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131nda ve ahlaki geli\u015fiminde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Kant\u2019\u0131n <em>E\u011fitim \u00dczerine Notlar\u2019<\/em>\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere, e\u011fitim insan olabilmemizin \u00f6n ko\u015fulu ise, ayd\u0131n insan olabilmemizin de \u00f6n ko\u015fuludur diyebilir, ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sadece elit bir grubun ayd\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131 e\u011fitim ile a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada bireyin ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 konusunda Kant\u2019\u0131n metinlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr bir gerilim oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterilerek, Kant\u2019\u0131n ayd\u0131nlanma konusunda e\u015fitlik\u00e7i mi yoksa kendi d\u00f6neminde pop\u00fcler olan elitist bir tutum mu sergiledi\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bireyin ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 ile e\u011fitimi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in Kant\u2019\u0131n ayd\u0131nlanma nedir metnini yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan felsefi tart\u0131\u015fmalara \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutularak, Kant\u2019\u0131n kendi d\u00f6nemindeki entelekt\u00fcellerden farkl\u0131 olarak ayd\u0131nlanmadan ne kastetti\u011fi ve e\u011fitim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yak\u0131ndan incelenecektir. Bireyin ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 ve e\u011fitimi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki a\u00e7\u0131klanarak, Kant\u2019a g\u00f6re nas\u0131l olup da ayd\u0131n olabilmek i\u00e7in e\u011fitime ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fumuz halde ayd\u0131n olamama durumundan bireyin kendisinin sorumlu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilecektir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Etkinlik Goethe Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Ankara&#8217;da y\u00fcz y\u00fcze ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek olup, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar pandemi kurallar\u0131na uygun olarak mekana kabul edilecektir. Etkinlik herkese a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"teaser\">T\u00fcrkiye Kant Toplulu\u011fu, Goethe Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Ankara i\u015f birli\u011fi ile 15 May\u0131s 2022 Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 14.00\u2019te Kant&#8217;\u0131 Ele\u015ftirel Okumak ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir panel d\u00fczenleyecektir. Moderat\u00f6r: Seniye Tilev Konu\u015fmac\u0131lar: Elif \u00c7\u0131rakman &#8211; &#8220;Kant\u2019\u0131n Ele\u015ftiri Fikri ve Y\u00f6ntem Meselesi&#8221;\u00d6zet: Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi\u2019nin \u201c\u00d6ns\u00f6z\u201d\u00fcnde Kant, Kriti\u011fi y\u00f6ntem \u00fczerine bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olarak sunar. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Kritik, akl\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r, yasa ve &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6549,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","event_listing_category":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/event_listing\/6548"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/event_listing"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/event_listing"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6548"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"event_listing_category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fevent_listing_category&post=6548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}