{"id":5819,"date":"2021-04-02T20:46:03","date_gmt":"2021-04-02T17:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/?post_type=event_listing&p=5819"},"modified":"2022-08-04T14:48:16","modified_gmt":"2022-08-04T11:48:16","slug":"panel-saf-aklin-elestirisinin-240-yili","status":"publish","type":"event_listing","link":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/?event_listing=panel-saf-aklin-elestirisinin-240-yili","title":{"rendered":"Panel: Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi’nin 240. Y\u0131l\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00fcrkiye Kant Toplulu\u011fu, Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi’nin ilk bas\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 240. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 Kant’\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcnde bir panelle anacakt\u0131r. Panel, Zoom program\u0131 \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir. Detaylar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u011flant\u0131 adresi: https:\/\/zoom.us\/j\/97371059073?pwd=SThXVHpmTjZoNGNXQ2NmYkxTMVVYZz09<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meeting ID: 973 7105 9073
\u015eifre: 763832<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etkinlik ilgi duyan herkesin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etkinli\u011fin kayd\u0131na YouTube kanal\u0131m\u0131zdan ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/a>

Moderat\u00f6r: Gamze Keskin<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konu\u015fmac\u0131lar
-H. B\u00fclent G\u00f6zk\u00e2n
-A. Ayhan \u00c7itil: KANT VE YEN\u0130 METAF\u0130Z\u0130K<\/strong>
\u00d6zet:<\/strong> Kant\u2019\u0131n Birinci Kritik\u2019i klasik metafizi\u011fin kapsaml\u0131 bir ele\u015ftirisini sunar. Bu ele\u015ftiriden Aristoteles\u2019ten Leibniz\u2019e, Platon\u2019dan Descartes\u2019a hemen her filozof nasibini al\u0131r. Kant bilgimizi geni\u015fleten metafiziksel yarg\u0131lar\u0131n imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 usullerle sorgulama yoluna gitmi\u015ftir. Bazen bu sorgulama genel mant\u0131ktan varl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ge\u00e7menin imkans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, bazen kavramsal ve g\u00f6r\u00fcsel bilginin kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeterince ay\u0131rt edilememi\u015f olmalar\u0131na, bazen de transandantal mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanon olarak kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yan\u0131lsamalara yol a\u00e7mas\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kant\u2019\u0131n bu ele\u015ftirilerinin olduk\u00e7a ekili oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz bir olgudur. \u00d6te yandan bu olguyu tespit etmemiz bug\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda yeni bir t\u00fcr metafizi\u011fin bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6ylememize engel te\u015fkil etmemektedir.\u00a0 Bilim metafizi\u011fi, yeni \u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fck, yeni ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik, zorunlu istidatlar, modal metafizik, somut var olanlar\u0131n zorunlulu\u011fu, m\u00fcmk\u00fcnc\u00fcl\u00fck, fiili ilik, meta-metafizik, (\u2026) gibi terimler havada u\u00e7u\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rmektedir. Bu metafizikler \u00f6zellikle yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131lda mant\u0131k, matematik, dilbilim, fizik vb. alanlarda elde edilen \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 esas al\u0131yor ve varl\u0131k hakk\u0131nda bir konu\u015fmaya y\u00f6neliyor g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedirler. Bu bildiri Kant\u2019\u0131n metafizik ele\u015ftirilerinin Kant sonras\u0131nda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bu yeni t\u00fcr metafizi\u011fe y\u00f6neltilmesi durumunda ne ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sorusunu ele al\u0131yor. Bildiride ilk \u00f6nce Kant\u2019\u0131n dil anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinde duruluyor. Kant\u2019\u0131n dizgesinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan yarg\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile s\u00f6z edilen \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f metafiziklerin konu ettikleri \u201c\u00f6nerme\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 inceleniyor. Akl\u0131n d\u00fczenleyici kullan\u0131m\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla var k\u0131l\u0131nan bir olgular d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ARGE\u2019nin Gedanke olarak and\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgular\u0131n mek\u00e2n\u0131 ve Wittgenstein\u2019\u0131n mant\u0131ksal uzay\u0131 ile ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ili\u015fkilendirilebilece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Dilin resmetti\u011fi veya sundu\u011fu olgular d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n akl\u0131n d\u00fczenleyici kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi halinde bunun \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f metafizikteki realizm \u2013 antirealizm tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n mahiyeti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Daha sonra Kant\u2019ta kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilme \u2013 bilinebilme ayr\u0131m\u0131 yukar\u0131da ifade edilen \u00f6nerme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinden ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fcsel bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahip olabilme\u201d ve \u201ck\u00fcme kuramsal bir modeli olabilme\u201d kavramlar\u0131 k\u0131yaslan\u0131yor ve bu arka planda \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f metafiziklerde dil \u2013 ger\u00e7eklik ili\u015fkisinin nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde duruluyor. Bilhassa Cantor ile birlikte dola\u015f\u0131ma giren say\u0131labilir \u2013 say\u0131lamaz sonsuz anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yeni metafiziksel a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f fizikte ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerin Kant\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi antinomileri ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lacak bi\u00e7imde evrenin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc hakk\u0131nda bir konu\u015fmay\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131p k\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Sonu\u00e7 olarak yeni metafizi\u011fin Kant\u2019\u0131n ele\u015ftirdi\u011fi klasik metafiziklere g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131klar i\u00e7erdi\u011fi, lakin ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zihinsel veya dilsel olandan varl\u0131k alan\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f yapabildi\u011fimizin ve varl\u0131k hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmler verebildi\u011fimizin tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiliyor.\u00a0

-Kaan H. \u00d6kten: Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi\u2019nde Transendental Y\u00f6ntem \u00d6\u011fretis<\/strong>i
\u00d6zet:<\/strong> \u201cTransendental Elementar \u00d6\u011freti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 birinci ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Kant g\u00f6r\u00fcleri, kavramlar\u0131 ve ideleri ele almaktad\u0131r. Bunlar Transendental Aisthetik, Analitik ile Diyalektik b\u00f6l\u00fcmleridir. Kant, kitab\u0131n \u00e7ok daha k\u0131sa olan ikinci ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olan \u201cTransendental Y\u00f6ntem \u00d6\u011fretisi\u201dni ise \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r: \u201c… transendental y\u00f6ntem \u00f6\u011fretisi denildi\u011finde, saf akl\u0131n eksiksiz sisteminin formal ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesini anl\u0131yorum. Bu bak\u0131mdan, saf akl\u0131n disiplini, kanonu, arkitektoni\u011fi ve son olarak da tarihiyle me\u015fgul olaca\u011f\u0131z ve genel olarak anlama yetisinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan okullarda pratik mant\u0131k ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda aray\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde olunan, ama k\u00f6t\u00fc bi\u00e7imde yerine getirilen \u015feyi transendental bak\u0131mdan sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z…\u201d (A707-708, B735-736)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kant refleksiyonlarda \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: \u201cMant\u0131\u011f\u0131n iki k\u0131sm\u0131 vard\u0131r: 1. Teorik k\u0131s\u0131m. Genel olarak anlama yetisinin elementar \u00f6\u011fretisidir. 2. (Pratik k\u0131s\u0131m.) Y\u00f6ntem \u00f6\u011fretisi. […] Elementar \u00f6\u011freti: a. Analitik. b. Diyalektik. Y\u00f6ntem \u00f6\u011fretisi ise bilginin ay\u0131rt edilmemi\u015f \u00e7oklu\u011funun bir bilim olu\u015facak \u015fekilde birbirine ba\u011flanma minvalini ele al\u0131r. Ya doktrinerdir ya da polemiksel.\u201d (AA 16: 783)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transendental y\u00f6ntem \u00f6\u011fretisinin, transendental elementar \u00f6\u011fretinin ard\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni b\u00f6ylelikle a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. Zira anlama yetisi ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kurallar\u0131 ortaya konmadan ve akl\u0131n ideleri a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmadan bilginin y\u00f6ntemi tesis edilemez. Bu konuda Kant, Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi\u2019nin hen\u00fcz ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: \u201c… nesneler epey y\u00fcksek bir d\u00fczeyde bilinmelidir ki, onlar\u0131n bilimini meydana getirebilecek kurallar saptanabilsin.\u201d (A52, B77).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, \u201ctransendental y\u00f6ntem \u00f6\u011fretisi, saf akl\u0131n bilimi denilen evrensel ideyi bir sistem olarak tasarlama ve bu sistemin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun ara\u00e7lar\u0131 sa\u011flama amac\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u201d Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Kant, transendental y\u00f6ntem \u00f6\u011fretisini \u201csaf akl\u0131n eksiksiz sisteminin formal ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi\u201d olarak ifade etmekte ve d\u00f6rt altb\u00f6l\u00fcme ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r: Saf Akl\u0131n Disiplini, Kanonu, Arkitektoni\u011fi ile Tarihi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kant\u2019a g\u00f6re transendental y\u00f6ntem \u00f6\u011fretisi, \u201csaf ak\u0131l binas\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in gerekli plan ve malzemeleri sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in saf akl\u0131n baz\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmelidir. Ama bilinmelidir ki, bu yanl\u0131\u015flar da sistematik bi\u00e7imde meydana gelmektedir.\u201dBu i\u015flemi sa\u011flayacak olan \u015fey \u201cdisiplin\u201ddir. Kant disiplin s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cdisipline etme\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan saf akl\u0131n kanonu, bilginin kullan\u0131m ve uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yani disiplinin s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 ve negatif i\u015flevinden sonra, kanonun prati\u011fe y\u00f6nelik pozitif i\u015flevi s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir kanon arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Kant, deneyimi a\u015fan akl\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tahdit ve tashih etmek ve sistematik bir b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7inde tutmak niyetindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan transendental y\u00f6ntem \u00f6\u011fretisinin ana meselesi, \u201cSaf Akl\u0131n Arkitektoni\u011fi\u201ddir. Zira burada Kant sistem sorununu, yani alelade bili\u015fi bilime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren sistematik birli\u011fi ele almaktad\u0131r (A832, B860). Arkitektonik \u201csistemlerin sanat\u0131d\u0131r\u201d ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cgenel olarak bili\u015fimizdeki bilimsel olan\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretisidir ve zorunlu olarak y\u00f6ntem \u00f6\u011fretisine aittir\u201d (A832, B860). Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle \u201carkitektonik, Kant\u2019\u0131n metafelsefi teorisini i\u00e7ermekte ve bizatihi ele\u015ftirel felsefenin ko\u015ful ve plan\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmektedir.\u201d Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201carkitektonik\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, aslen mimarl\u0131k terimi olsa da metafizik irdelemeler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan insan bili\u015finin temellerini, tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, malzemelerini, d\u00fczenleni\u015fini ve simetrik ve sistematik b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eden bir kavramd\u0131r. Kant da halihaz\u0131rda bu terimi bu \u015fekilde kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTransendental Y\u00f6ntem \u00d6\u011fretisi\u201dnin son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cSaf Akl\u0131n Tarihi\u201d hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6rt sayfal\u0131k k\u0131sa b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Kant, felsefe tarihinin ana hatlar\u0131n\u0131 serimlemekte, ileride daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve kapsaml\u0131 bir transendental \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye Kant Toplulu\u011fu, Saf Akl\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi’nin ilk bas\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 240. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 Kant’\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcnde bir panelle anacakt\u0131r. Panel, Zoom program\u0131 \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir. Detaylar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir: Ba\u011flant\u0131 adresi: https:\/\/zoom.us\/j\/97371059073?pwd=SThXVHpmTjZoNGNXQ2NmYkxTMVVYZz09 Meeting ID: 973 7105 9073\u015eifre: 763832 Etkinlik ilgi duyan herkesin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Etkinli\u011fin kayd\u0131na YouTube kanal\u0131m\u0131zdan ula\u015fabilirsiniz. Moderat\u00f6r: Gamze Keskin Konu\u015fmac\u0131lar-H. B\u00fclent G\u00f6zk\u00e2n-A. Ayhan \u00c7itil: KANT VE YEN\u0130 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5826,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","event_listing_category":[38],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/event_listing\/5819"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/event_listing"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/event_listing"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5819"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5826"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"event_listing_category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/turkiyekanttoplulugu.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fevent_listing_category&post=5819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}